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About the Experts
This article is reviewed by:
- Dr. Aniruddha Basu – Consultant Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon, Peerless Hospital, Kolkata, Fortis Hospital and Kidney Institute Kolkata, RSV Hospital Kolkata.
- Dr. Debdita Banerjee – Oral and Maxillofacial Pathologist, Assistant Professor, Kusum Devi Sunderlal Sugar Jain Dental College, Kolkata
Introduction
Tooth fillings are one of the most common dental procedures, performed to restore cavities and damaged teeth. If you’ve been told you need a filling or are experiencing discomfort after one, you’re not alone. This comprehensive guide explains everything you need to know about dental fillings—from the different types available to managing sensitivity afterward and understanding costs in India.
Disclaimer: This article is for educational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Never self-diagnose or self-medicate based on online content. Please consult a qualified dental professional for proper evaluation, diagnosis, and personalized treatment recommendations.
What Is a Dental Filling?
Purpose and Function
A dental filling restores a tooth that’s been damaged by decay, wear, or fracture. When a cavity develops, your dentist removes the decayed portion of your tooth and replaces it with a filling material. This serves two critical purposes:
- Stops decay progression – Seals the cavity so bacteria can’t re-enter
- Restores function – Returns the tooth to normal strength and function for chewing
- Prevents complications – Prevents the cavity from deepening and reaching the nerve
When Do You Need a Filling?
Your dentist may recommend a filling if you have:
- Tooth decay (cavity) – Most common reason
- Worn tooth surfaces – From grinding or wear
- Chipped or cracked tooth – Caused by trauma or large fractures
- Existing filling failure – Old fillings breaking down and needing replacement
Composite vs Amalgam Fillings: Which Is Better?
This is the most common question patients ask. Both materials are proven, but they differ significantly in appearance, durability, and cost.[1][2]
| Factor | Composite (Tooth-Colored) | Amalgam (Silver) |
| Appearance | Matches natural tooth color—invisible | Silver/grey color—visible |
| Durability | 5-7 years average (can last longer) | 10-15 years average (most durable) |
| Cost | More expensive (₹2,000-5,000 per filling) | Less expensive (₹800-2,000 per filling) |
| Tooth Removal | Requires less tooth removal | Requires more tooth removal |
| Postoperative Sensitivity | More common initially (usually resolves) | Less common after placement |
| Safety | Tooth-colored resin materials—safe for all | Contains 50% mercury (FDA approved—safe) |
Key Takeaway: Which Should You Choose?
Choose composite if: You prioritize aesthetics, prefer tooth-colored restoration, and don’t mind a slightly shorter lifespan. Choose amalgam if: You need maximum durability (especially for molars), want lower cost, and don’t mind the visible silver appearance.[3]
Tooth Pain After Filling: Causes & Solutions
Is Pain After Filling Normal?
Yes—some discomfort after a filling is common and usually temporary. However, the type, intensity, and duration of pain tell you whether it’s normal healing or a problem requiring adjustment.
Why Does Your Tooth Hurt After a Filling?
Nerve Irritation: The drilling process irritates the nerve endings inside your tooth, causing sensitivity. This is most common in deep fillings close to the pulp.
Heat from Tools: The dental drill generates heat during preparation, which can temporarily inflame the nerve. This resolves as the tooth cools.
High Filling (Occlusal Interference): This is the most common reason for bite pain. The filling sits higher than your natural bite, forcing premature contact when you chew. Your jaw compensates by shifting, causing pain when biting down.[4]
Polymerization Stress: Composite fillings shrink slightly as they harden (polymerization). This creates internal stress in the tooth, potentially causing sensitivity.
Bite Pressure Imbalance: Your bite should distribute pressure evenly. A filling that changes your bite pattern concentrates pressure on one tooth or side of your mouth.
Symptoms of a Problem Filling (When to See Your Dentist)
- Pain when biting down specifically (not just general sensitivity)
- Sharp shooting pain days or weeks after the procedure
- Discomfort only on one side of your mouth
- Visible gap or margin between filling and tooth
- Sensitivity that worsens instead of improving after 2 weeks
- Difficulty eating on that side of your mouth
- Jaw pain or headaches associated with the filled tooth
How Long Does Sensitivity Last After a Filling?
For most patients, sensitivity after a filling resolves within 2-4 weeks. This timeline depends on the filling depth, material used, and your tooth’s sensitivity level. Composite fillings may have slightly more initial sensitivity than amalgam fillings, but this typically resolves faster.[5]
Managing Sensitivity After a Filling
- Use desensitizing toothpaste – Twice daily brushing helps block pain signals
- Avoid acidic foods temporarily – Citrus, soda, and wine increase sensitivity
- Don’t chew on that side – Give the tooth time to settle and adjust
- Use a soft toothbrush – Gentle brushing prevents further irritation
- Take over-the-counter painkillers – Ibuprofen or acetaminophen as needed
- Wait 24 hours before eating hard foods – Let the filling fully set first
- Contact your dentist if pain persists – Especially if it’s bite pain (high filling)
High Filling: The Bite Problem
A ‘high filling’ means your dentist didn’t properly shape the filling to match your bite. It contacts your teeth before other teeth do when you bite down.[4]
Signs your filling is too high:
- You feel the filling first when closing your mouth
- Pressure or pain concentrated at bite point
- Uneven chewing—one side feels unnatural
- Jaw or muscle tension after chewing
Solution: Call your dentist immediately. They’ll use special paper to identify the high spot and polish it down until your bite feels even. This quick adjustment usually takes just a few minutes and provides immediate relief.
Tooth Filling Cost in India: Price Guide
Dental filling costs in India vary significantly based on filling type, tooth location, and clinic location. Here’s a realistic breakdown:
| Filling Type | Average Cost (India) | Durability |
| Amalgam (Silver) | ₹800 – ₹2,000 per tooth | 10-15 years |
| Composite (Tooth-Colored) | ₹2,000 – ₹5,000 per tooth | 5-7 years |
| Glass Ionomer (Budget Option) | ₹500 – ₹1,200 per tooth | 3-5 years |
Factors that affect filling cost:
- Tooth location – Molars cost more than front teeth
- Cavity size – Larger cavities require more filling material
- Clinic type – Metropolitan cities and premium clinics charge more
- Additional treatment – Pulp protection or bonding adds cost
- Clinic reputation – Well-established clinics may charge premium rates
- Emergency appointment – Same-day fillings may cost extra
Preventing the Need for Fillings
The best filling is the one you never need. Prevention is always cheaper and easier than treatment:
- Brush twice daily – Use fluoride toothpaste, brush for 2 minutes
- Floss daily – Removes food debris between teeth where cavities start
- Limit sugar and acidic foods – Bacteria feed on sugar; acids dissolve enamel
- Drink water regularly – Hydration maintains saliva production (natural protection)
- Avoid sticky foods – Reduces cavity risk in grooves and pits
- Use dental sealants – Protective coating on chewing surfaces of molars
- Regular dental checkups – Professional cleanings every 6 months catch decay early
- Don’t delay treatment – Small cavities are easier and cheaper to fill than large ones
FAQs: Your Most Common Questions Answered
Q: How long does a filling take?
A: A simple single-surface filling usually takes 20-30 minutes. More complex fillings may take 45-60 minutes depending on cavity size and location.
Q: Will I feel pain during the filling procedure?
A: No. Your dentist numbs the area with local anesthetic before starting. You may feel pressure, but not pain. If you do feel sharp pain during the procedure, tell your dentist—they can give more anesthesia.
Q: Can a filling fall out?
A: Yes, though it’s rare. Fillings can dislodge due to trauma, biting on hard objects, large cavity size, or poor bonding. If your filling falls out, contact your dentist immediately to prevent further decay.
Q: Is amalgam safe despite containing mercury?
A: Yes. The FDA and American Dental Association confirm that dental amalgam is safe. The mercury is bound with other metals (silver, tin, copper) and doesn’t release harmful amounts into your body. Composite is equally safe.
Q: When should my filling be replaced?
A: Most composite fillings last 5-7 years; amalgam fillings last 10-15 years. Replace them when they show signs of wear, break, or develop secondary decay around the edges. Regular dental checkups identify these issues early.
Conclusion
Dental fillings are a safe, effective way to restore teeth damaged by decay and prevent serious complications. Whether you choose composite for aesthetics or amalgam for durability, both materials work well when placed properly. If you experience pain after a filling—especially bite pain—don’t ignore it. Contact your dentist for a quick adjustment. With proper oral hygiene and regular dental visits, you can minimize your need for fillings and protect your smile for years to come.
References
[1] Al-Sulimmani, W., et al. (2025). Failure Risk of Composite Resin and Amalgam Restorations. Journal of Dental Research and Review, 12(2), 145-158. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12246595/
[2] Incekara, M. S., et al. (2025). Clinical comparison of direct and indirect class II composite restorations. International Journal of Prosthodontics, 38(4), 267-280. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12276707/
[3] Longevity of Amalgam Versus Composite Resin Restorations. (2025). Journal of Dental Materials and Techniques, 15(3), 89-105. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12378770/
[4] Harmonydentalfrisco.com. (2025). Step-by-Step Guide to Occlusal Adjustment for Bite Health. Retrieved from https://harmonydentalfrisco.com/step-by-step-guide-to-occlusal-adjustment-for-bite-health/
[5] Evaluation of remineralizing effect of zinc-carbonate hydroxyapatite on the reduction of postrestorative sensitivity: A randomized controlled clinical trial. (2022). Dental Materials Journal, 41(6), 712-722. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10003283/
[6] Efficacy of Three Commercially Available Desensitizers in Reducing Post-Operative Sensitivity Following Composite Restorations: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. (2022). Operative Dentistry, 47(3), 245-258. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9003402/
[7] Clinical Justification for Preliminary Thermal Exposure to Composite in the Treatment of Caries: Randomized Clinical Trial. (2023). KSMA Electronic Publishing. https://ksma.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3127
[8] Periapical Status of Non–Root-Filled Teeth With Amalgam, Composite, or Crown Restorations: A Cross-Sectional Study. (2022). Journal of Endodontics, 48(11), 1402-1410. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10541455/
[9] Survival Rates of Amalgam and Composite Resin Restorations from Big Data Real-Life Databases in the Era of Restricted Dental Mercury Use. (2024). BMC Oral Health, 24, 512. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11201124/
[10] A 3-year randomized clinical trial evaluating two different bonded posterior restorations: Amalgam versus resin composite. (2015). Journal of Dental Research, 94(12), 1659-1668. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4784148/
[11] American Dental Association. (2024). Dental Amalgam and Composite Restorations: Evidence-Based Clinical Guidelines.
[12] Direct composite resin fillings versus amalgam fillings for permanent posterior teeth. (2021). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 8, CD005541.